That’s where Yaowu Yuan comes in. He’s a biologist at the University of Connecticut. Yuan looks at the flowers’ genes, material that’s passed down from generation to generation. Genes determine traits such as hair color and eye color in humans. In monkeyflowers, genes determine petal colors and patterns.
Yuan uses laboratory techniques to turn off specific genes in a developing plant. Then he records how each change affects the plant’s appearance as it grows.
“We are trying to figure out how to change a single gene so that the petal pattern changes,” says Yuan. For example, “we’re studying how to change a spot to a stripe.”